Addax have comparatively heavy bodies and large heads, on top of which they have impressive spiraling horns. In the summer, they have light-colored coats, but in the winter they become darker in color. Addax are marked with white on their legs and bellies, but their foreheads are brown.

The addax has long been extinct in most of North Africa, but significant populations still existed in places such as Mauritania, Chad, and Nigeria until the early 1970s. However, hunting, drought, and agricultural encroachment into deserts have contributed to the addax's decline. Over-hunting is a major cause of decline. Mechanized hunting (vehicles and automatic weapons) is significant.

• Listed as "critically endangered" on the IUCN Red List (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources)
• CITES Appendix I
• CZS Conservation - Species Survival Plan
• Sahara Conservation Fund
• There has been well over 80% decline since the mid-1980s.

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